Programming in C

Course Outline


Welcome to Programming in C — a foundational course designed to build strong problem-solving skills and introduce you to the core concepts of the C programming language. This outline summarizes the modules you will study throughout the semester.


Module I: Introduction to Computing

  • Fundamentals of computing and historical evolution
  • Early computers and computing machines
  • Components of a computer system
  • Problem-solving using pseudo-code and flowcharts
  • Concepts of memory, variables, values, and instructions
  • Basics of programs and programming logic

Module II: Overview of C

  • Phases of developing a C program
  • Importance and applications of C language
  • Basic structure and sample programs
  • Executing and debugging C programs
  • Programming style guidelines

Module III: Data Types, I/O, Decision Making, and Loops

  • Constants, variables, and data types
  • Storage classes and operator precedence
  • Arithmetic, relational, and logical operations
  • Input–output statements and compound statements
  • Decision making: if, if-else, switch, goto
  • Looping constructs: for, while, do-while
  • Loop control statements and overflow handling

Module IV: Arrays, Strings, and Functions

  • One-dimensional, two-dimensional, and multidimensional arrays
  • Character arrays and string handling
  • Function prototypes, definitions, and calls
  • Argument passing (by value and via pointers)
  • Recursion and iterative formulations
  • Basic searching and sorting concepts

Module V: Pointers, Structures, and Unions

  • Pointer declaration, initialization, dereferencing, and arithmetic
  • Pointers with arrays, strings, and functions
  • Structures: definition, operations, nesting, and arrays of structures
  • Passing structures as function arguments
  • Self-referential structures
  • Union definition, usage, and memory sharing behavior

Module VI: File Management, Dynamic Memory, and Preprocessors

  • File operations: defining, opening, closing, reading/writing
  • Streams and command-line arguments
  • Error handling and random access in files
  • Dynamic memory: malloc, calloc, realloc
  • Basics of linked lists using dynamic allocation
  • Macros, file inclusion, and preprocessor directives

By the end of this course, you will have a strong foundation in procedural programming, memory management, data structures, and essential C programming techniques required for further courses in Computer Science.